Takuon a Hantakuon<\/strong><\/p>\nJak jste si jist\u011b v\u0161imli, nejsou zde zastoupeny hl\u00e1sky typu g, d , b, p, z, i kdy\u017e je Japon\u0161tina pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 (iaigoshi, iaid\u00f3, tsuba, seppa, zanshin). Tyto hl\u00e1sky vznikaj\u00ed zm\u011bnou slabiky pomoc\u00ed dvou \u010d\u00e1rek- tzv. takuon nebo krou\u017eku – tzv. hantakuon. Takuon (dv\u011b \u010d\u00e1rky) se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ps\u00e1t od spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1rky.<\/p>\n
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\u304c – ga\u3000\u304e – gi\u3000\u3050 – gu\u3000\u3052 -ge\u3000\u3054 – go
\n<\/span><\/p>\n\u3056 – za\u3000\u3058 – ji [d\u017ei]\u3000\u305a – zu\u3000\u305c – ze\u3000\u305e – zo
\n<\/span><\/p>\n\u3060 – da\u3000\u3062 – di [d\u017ei]\u3000\u3065 – du [dzu]\u3000\u3067 – de\u3000\u3069 – do
\n<\/span><\/p>\n\u3070 – ba\u3000\u3073 – bi\u3000\u3076 – bu\u3000\u3079 – be\u3000\u307c – bo
\n<\/span><\/p>\n\u3071 – pa\u3000\u3074 – pi\u3000\u3077 – pu\u3000\u307a – pe\u3000\u307d – po<\/span><\/p>\nTyto zm\u011bny vznikaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161inou spojen\u00edm dvou slov (rozum\u011bjte znak\u016f) dohromady nap\u0159. koshi – iaigoshi, katana – kogatana, seme – kizeme atd. Proto je dobr\u00e9 ob\u010das zap\u00e1trat v pam\u011bti, jestli n\u00e1hodou \u010d\u00e1st toho nov\u00e9ho slova ji\u017e nezn\u00e1te v jeho „m\u011bkk\u00e9“ form\u011b. Ob\u010das to zmate samotn\u00e9 Japonce, kdy\u017e nev\u011bd\u00ed jak \u010d\u00edst znaky kter\u00e9 vid\u00ed dohromady poprv\u00e9, ale to je je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e1no n\u011bkoliker\u00fdm \u010dten\u00edm jednoho znaku. Je v tom ale jak\u00e9si pravido (opakuji nejsem expert), kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdk\u00e1 v\u00fdslovnosti, \u010di zvukomalebnosti. T\u0159eba jste si ur\u010dit\u011b v\u0161imli, \u017ee n\u00e1zvy kata v ZNKR IAI jsou \u010d\u00edslov\u00e1ny, (\u4e00\u672c\u76ee <\/span>ipponme, \u4e8c\u672c\u76ee<\/span> nihonme, \u4e09\u672c\u76ee<\/span> sanbonme, \u56db\u672c\u76ee<\/span> yonhonme….) tyto zm\u011bny na znaku hon jsou d\u00e1ny pr\u00e1v\u011b \u010d\u00edslovkami a jejich spole\u010dnou v\u00fdslovnost\u00ed. S \u010d\u00edslovkami je to je\u0161t\u011b slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, toto byl p\u0159\u00edklad na zm\u011bnu v\u00fdslovnosti. Kdy\u017e nap\u00ed\u0161ete do po\u010d\u00edta\u010de sanhonme m\u00edsto sanbonme, nab\u00eddne v\u00e1m stejn\u00e9 znaky, ale japonci tak nemluv\u00ed \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n <\/p>\n
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Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 zm\u011bny ve \u010dten\u00ed a psan\u00ed (pou\u017eit\u00ed ya, yu, yo a cu)<\/strong><\/p>\nV Japon\u0161tin\u011b jsou je\u0161t\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny slabiky p\u0159ehlasovan\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed ya, yu, yo (\u3057\u3083\u307f\u305b\u3093<\/span>shamisen [\u0161amisen], \u3057\u3087\u3046\u3067\u3093<\/span>shouden [\u0161\u00f3den], \u3057\u3085\u304e\u3087\u3046<\/span>shugyou [\u0161ugj\u00f3], \u3058\u3085\u3093\u3070\u3093<\/span> junban [d\u017eunban] atd.)<\/p>\nP\u0159i psan\u00ed se pak slabiky ya, yu \u010di yo nap\u00ed\u0161\u00ed do samostatn\u00e9ho \u010dtvere\u010dku do prav\u00e9ho doln\u00edho kvadrantu. Na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di pi\u0161te jak vid\u00edte v\u00fd\u0161e.<\/p>\n
Dal\u0161\u00ed znak kter\u00fd se p\u00ed\u0161e do prav\u00e9ho doln\u00edho kvadrantu je slabika \u3064<\/span> \u2013 cu. Ta pak funguje jako zdvojen\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed hl\u00e1sky (\u305b\u3063\u3071<\/span>seppa, \u3044\u3063\u3057\u3087\u3046<\/span>isshou [i\u0161\u0161\u00f3], \u304d\u3063\u305f<\/span>kitta, atd.)<\/p>\n\n
Dlouh\u00e1 p\u00edsmena<\/strong><\/p>\nDlouh\u00e1 p\u00edsmena <\/span>se p\u0159i psan\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm dal\u0161\u00ed samohl\u00e1sky, kter\u00e1 je odvisl\u00e1 od p\u0159edchoz\u00ed samohl\u00e1sky.<\/p>\n\u3044\u3042\u3044\u3069\u3046<\/span>– iaidou [iaid\u00f3]<\/span><\/p>\n\u304a\u3068\u3046\u3055\u3093<\/span>otousan [<\/span>ot\u00f3san] – tat\u00ednek, \u304a\u304b\u3042\u3055\u3093<\/span>okaasan [ok\u00e1san] – maminka<\/p>\n\u304a\u3070\u3042\u3055\u3093<\/span>obaasan [ob\u00e1san] \u2013 babi\u010dka, \u304a\u3058\u3044\u3055\u3093<\/span> ojiisan [od\u017e\u00edsan] – d\u011bde\u010dek<\/p>\n\u304a\u306b\u3044\u3055\u3093<\/span>oniisan [on\u00edsan] \u2013 st. bratr, \u304a\u306d\u3048\u3055\u3093<\/span> oneesan [on\u00e9san] st. sestra<\/p>\n\u304a\u3068\u3046\u305f<\/span>otouto [ot\u00f3to] \u2013 ml. bratr, \u3044\u3082\u3046\u3068<\/span> imouto [im\u00f3to] \u2013 mlad\u0161\u00ed sestra<\/p>\nZm\u011bna \u010dten\u00ed znaku HA na WA<\/strong><\/p>\nSlabika HA se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v japon\u0161tin\u011b jako ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010dlen. V tomto p\u0159\u00edp<\/span>ad\u011b se \u010dte \u201eWA\u201c.<\/p>\n\u3053\u308c\u3000\u306f<\/strong> \u304b\u305f\u306a\u3000\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span>[Kore wa<\/strong> katana des] \u2013 Toto je katana. \u3053\u308c<\/span>\u306f<\/span><\/strong>\u306f\u304b\u307e<\/span>\u3067\u3059<\/span>\u3002<\/span>[Kore wa<\/strong> hakama des]<\/p>\nPozor v\u0161ak na jednu v\u011bc: Zat\u00edmco v p\u0159\u00edkladu je pro n\u00e1zornost \u010dlen <\/span>\u306f<\/span> naps\u00e1n odd\u011blen\u011b, v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m textu je \u010dasto p\u0159isazen k p\u0159edchoz\u00edmu slovu, a nebo je text \u00fapln\u011b bez mezer. <\/span><\/p>\n\u3053\u308c\u306f<\/strong>\u5200\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/span>[Kore wa<\/strong> katana des]<\/span><\/p>\nTo je asi v\u0161echno o hiragan\u011b. D\u00e1l u\u017e to bude jednodu\u0161\u00ed a jednodu\u0161\u00ed. \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n
Cvi\u010den\u00ed na \u010dten\u00ed a psan\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/strong>Cvi\u010den\u00ed 1 \u0159ady A, KA<\/a><\/p>\nPokud nest\u00edh\u00e1te vypisovat cel\u00e9 archy p\u00edsmenek a m\u00e1te dobrou vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165, sta\u010d\u00ed kdy\u017e si p\u00edsmeno zapamatujete a kdykoli ho rozezn\u00e1te od ostatn\u00edch. Uveden\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady jsou krasopis, nenechte se zdeptat sv\u00fdm nezdarem chytit spr\u00e1vn\u00fd balanc – m\u00e1lokdo p\u00ed\u0161e krasopisn\u011b i latinkou \u017ee. Japonci na tom nejsou jinak. Schv\u00e1ln\u011b sem d\u00e1m ru\u010dn\u011b psan\u00e9 p\u00edsmo a\u0165 va\u0161e fantazie m\u016f\u017ee pracovat.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Zdrav\u00edm v\u0161echny zv\u00eddav\u00e9 du\u0161e! Postupem \u010dasu n\u00e1m v\u011bt\u0161inou ve studiu iaid\u00f3 zastoup\u00ed cestu text obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 sd\u011blen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je nati\u0161t\u011bno japonsk\u00fdmi znaky a zde v\u011bt\u0161inou kon\u010d\u00ed nad\u0161en\u00ed, \u017ee. Nemluv\u011b o tom, kdy\u017e potk\u00e1me u\u010ditele, kter\u00fd hovo\u0159\u00ed jen japonsky. Osobn\u011b, a\u010d v japon\u0161tin\u011b \u00fapln\u00fd za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edk, vyz\u00fdv\u00e1m sv\u00e9 kolegy ke studiu tohoto kr\u00e1sn\u00e9ho jazyka, nebo\u0165 jsem i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-855","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kokkidojo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/855","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kokkidojo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kokkidojo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kokkidojo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kokkidojo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=855"}],"version-history":[{"count":48,"href":"http:\/\/www.kokkidojo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/855\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3953,"href":"http:\/\/www.kokkidojo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/855\/revisions\/3953"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kokkidojo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}